Fantascienza e cicli economici. Un dialogo sulle aspettative tecnologiche
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14600/irpps_wps.90.2016Parole chiave:
Opportunità tecnologiche, Paradigmi tecno-Ââ€economici, Accettabilità sociale, Regimi regolatori, Economia schumpeteriana, Distruzione creatrice, Tecnologie dell’informazione, Struttura e sovra-†struttura, Innovazione socialeAbstract
La crisi economica e finanziaria del 2007-8 è stata determinata da un esaurimento dell’attuale paradigma tecno-economico? E un nuovo paradigma sarebbe in grado di guidare una decisiva ripresa? Lundvall e Steinmueller rispondono al saggio L’economia di Blade Runner di Archibugi. Lundvall sostiene che, per quanto sia utile pensare in termini di paradigma tecno-economici per comprendere il processo diseguale di avanzamento tecnologico e sociale, sia la principale causa della crisi, sia il requisito fondamentale per una nuova ripresa vanno ricercati nella sfera socio-politica piuttosto che in quella tecnologica. C’è una connessione tra il regime de-regolatorio che ha condotto alla crisi e all’avvento delle tecnologie dell’informazione e della comunicazione. Questo regime potrebbe rallentare la formazione di un nuovo paradigma tecno-economico fondato sull’ingegneria genetica, l’intelligenza artificiale e le nano-tecnologie. Steinmueller discute che ruolo può svolgere la fantascienza nel generare intuizioni sui futuri possibili. In che misura il contemporaneo cambiamento di paradigma tecno-economico riguarda la ricostruzione o l’adeguamento delle esistenti tecnologie, piuttosto che la produzione di nuovi settori di crescita? Rispondendo a questi suggerimenti, Archibugi obietta che dobbiamo ancora comprendere perché la crisi economica è stata così lunga, profonda ed estesa. Una ripresa fondata sull’innovazione si deve avvantaggiare di nuove opportunità tecnologiche. Interventi pro-attivi nella scienza e nella tecnologia saranno necessari, combinati con nuova immaginazione sociale.Riferimenti bibliografici
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