La protezione dei ‘Whistleblowers’ in Europa

Autori

  • Daniele Santoro National Research Council, CNR- IRPPS, Via Palestro, 32- 00185 Rome Department of Political Science, Luiss University, Viale Romania 32 00197, Rome

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14600/irpps_wps.93.2016

Parole chiave:

Whistleblowing, Dissenso, Corruzione, Protezione dei rifugiati

Abstract

Il whistleblowing (il ‘dare l’allerta’) è l'atto di rendere pubbliche informazioni o materiale confidenziale da parte di personale dipendente di amministrazioni pubbliche o private allo scopo di rivelare episodi di corruzione o uso illecito del segreto governativo che sono di danno potenziale o immediato al pubblico interesse. Quando i sistemi di controllo e responsabilità pubblica si inceppano, il whistleblowing rappresenta una misura di ultima istanza contro corruzione e uso incontrollato di tali informazioni, e per tale motivo a coloro che lanciano l’allerta dovrebbero dovrebbe essere garantita protezione a livello giuridico. Questo articolo argomenta che l’Unione Europea dovrebbe elaborare delle misure legislative atte a garantire tale protezione e incoraggiare l’attività di denuncia dei whistleblower nell’ottica di una maggiore trasparenza sia nell’ambito delle amministrazioni pubbliche che nel settore economico.

Biografia autore

Daniele Santoro, National Research Council, CNR- IRPPS, Via Palestro, 32- 00185 Rome Department of Political Science, Luiss University, Viale Romania 32 00197, Rome

Research Fellow, National Research Council, CNR- IRPPS,

Riferimenti bibliografici

Bibliography

Barry, B. (1990), Political argument: A reissue with a new introduction. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf (first edition 1965);

Bok, S. (1984), Secrets: on the Ethics of Concealment and Revelation, Pantheon Books;

Downs, A. (1962). “The public interest: Its meaning in a democracy", Social Research, 29: 1-36;

Flathman, R. J. (1966). The public interest: An essay concerning the normative discourse of politics. New York: John Wiley;

Frederick A. E., (1982), “Anonymity and Whistleblowing", Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 167-177;

Held, Virginia. 1970. The public interest and individual interests. New York: Basic Books

King, S., Chilton B.S., Roberts, G. E. (2010) Reflections on Defining the Public Interest, Administration & Society 41(8) 954–978;

Moberly, R. & Lindsey E. Wylie, (2011) “An Empirical Study of Whistleblower Policies in United States Corporate Codes of Ethicsâ€, in David Lewis & Wim Vandekerckhove (eds), Whistleblowing and Democratic Values, International Whistleblowing Research Network.

Moore, A., (2011) “Privacy, Security, and Government Surveillance: WikiLeaks and the New Accountability,†Public Affairs Quarterly, 25, 2011: 141-156.

O’Flynn, I. (2010), “Deliberating About the Public Interest†Res Publica 16:299–315.

Santoro, D. Kumar, M. Turola M. , et al., “Blowing the Whistle on Corruption. Campaign for an European Directive in Defence of Whistleblowers - Reportâ€, Available on line at: http://www.restartingthefuture.eu/assets/files/WhistleblowingReport_Restarting%20the%20Future.pdf

Solove, D. J. (2007) "'I've Got Nothing to Hide' and Other Misunderstandings of Privacy." San Diego Law Review, Vol. 44.

Vaughn R.G., (2012), The Successes and Failures of Whistleblower Laws, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited;

Legal sources - United States

Civil Service Reform Act, (October 13, 1978, Pub.L. 95–454, 92 Stat. 1111) (CSRA)

Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Pub.L. 111–203, H.R. 4173)

Hatch Act ( 139, 5 U.S.C.A. 7324)

Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 (USERRA, Pub.L. 103–353, codified as amended at 38 U.S.C. §§ 4301–4335)

Legal Sources - EU

Council of Europe - Civil Law Convention on Criminal Corruption November 2003. See: http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/QueVoulezVous.asp?CL=ENG&NT=174

European Parliament resolution of 25 November 2015 on tax rulings and other measures similar in nature or effect (2015/2066(INI)), available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//NONSGML+TA+P8-TA-2015-0408+0+DOC+PDF+V0//EN

Guyer T. M. & Peterson, N.F. (2013), The Current State of Whistleblowing Law in Europe: A Report by the Government Accountability Project. Available at: http://www.whistleblower.org/sites/default/files/TheCurrentStateofWhistleblowerLawinEurope.pdf

Cases cited

Guja v. Moldova - 14277/04, 12 February 2008

Reports

European Union Integrity System, Transparency International, available at:http://www.transparencyinternational.eu/european-union-integrity-system-study/the-euis-report-latest-news/

Global Corruption Barometer 2013, Transparency International, available at: http://www.transparency.org/gcb2013

Whistleblowing in Europe 2013 Report, Transparency International, available at: http://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/whistleblowing_in_europe_legal_protections_for_whistleblowers_in_the_eu

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Pubblicato

2016-12-31

Come citare

Santoro, D. (2016). La protezione dei ‘Whistleblowers’ in Europa. IRPPS Working Papers, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.14600/irpps_wps.93.2016

Fascicolo

Sezione

Working Papers